Laser Treatment For Facial Wrinkles

Laser Treatment For Facial Wrinkles
Gradually, as the skin of your face, your neck, your hands ages appear multiple pigmented spots, wrinkles and fine lines. Some wrinkles and fine lines can be treated by injections (Botox, hyaluronic acid), but not all. In particular the lower eyelid wrinkles, deep wrinkles around the mouth, and much wrinkled skin can not be corrected by injections. The pigmented spots do not disappear easily, even treated daily by appropriate creams.

Fortunately, there is now a very effective and very safe: the CO2 Laser "split". Unlike lasers used before, which either had limited effectiveness, or were very effective but with major side effects, the CO2 laser "split" significantly improves the skin without risk of scarring, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. The healing period is short (4 to 5 days) and is followed by a period of 2 to 3 weeks during which a moderate redness, easily camouflaged by makeup simple, you will live quite normal.

How does fractional CO2 laser?



The radiation causes a CO2 laser removal of surface layers, damaged, skin and a thermal effect in the deeper part of the skin. It is this profound effect that will result in the production of new collagen and restore the skin under tension. Thus, the regenerated skin is really deep and seems smoother, younger. The pigmented spots "old age" also disappears. The fact that radiation is "split", that is to say divided into multiple beams of very fine, strongly accelerates healing puisqu autour each "point" treaty remains an area of healthy skin from which the healing takes a few days.

How is it treated?

An hour before the actual treatment, photographs of the area to be treated (face, neck, décolleté, hands) are taken. Then a numbing cream is applied to the treatment area for 45 minutes. This ointment causes numbness of the skin so that the treatment is entirely or almost painless (a sensation of warmth similar to sunburn appears within minutes after treatment). The treated skin appears dotted with small white dots or gray are the entry points of the laser beam. These dots are "peel" is to say, "Peel" during the 3 or 4 days. A healing ointment and disinfectant must be applied on the skin for 2 or 3 days, followed by a moisturizing cream for another week or two, after which you can resume your normal skin care cream. The makeup is allowed at the 4th or 5th day.

Precautions

Sun exposure should be avoided for at least one month before and two months after laser treatment. Otherwise, there is a risk of pigmentation (hypo-or hyperpigmentation), that is to say, stains lighter or darker level treated areas.

If you are subject (you) to herpes infections (“cold sores"), you should consult your doctor. A preventive treatment will be required before treatment. Similarly, if you suffer from acne, antibiotics will be prescribed in advance.

What are the outcomes?

Stains "old age" and superficial wrinkles are significantly reduced during the first days after treatment. The production of collagen which continues for two months is giving a further gradual improvement over the following weeks. The wrinkles are much improved but it may happen that a second treatment is required based on the importance of these wrinkles. The complexion is more uniform and the skin appears firmer, "tightened".

Limits of art

If sagging skin and excess skin large, surgery is of course necessary. It can also be combined with laser treatment to act, both on the shape of the face (jowls, double chin,) and quality of the skin (spots, wrinkles) for an optimal result. It is also possible, depending on the case, to combine different doses (No botox, hyaluronic acid) and the laser. Your doctor will tell you, depending on your skin. What is the best treatment plan to consider in your particular case? If you choose creams to make treatment of wrinkle, you have several options to choose if you felt the need to choose a proper wrinkle treatment that fits your plans. If you need more detail information, please visit Wrinkle Cream Reviews. There is many product review about wrinkel creme and help you to choose the best product for you.

Laser Treatment For Facial Wrinkles

Brainwashing and hidden partner of smoking

Brainwashing and hidden partner of smoking

How do we start smoking for the first time and why?
To understand this issue you must consider the powerful effect of subconscious, which I call the hidden partner. We all tend to believe we are intelligent human beings and dominant, we control the course of our destiny. The reality is that 99 100 of our being is pre-formed. We are just a few products of the society in which we were raised. This dictates the type of clothes we wear, the houses we live, the basic pattern of our life. Or create the views that divide us into groups, for example, if better government of the left or right one. That is the working class that supports the first and the middle and upper classes that support the second, it is no coincidence. The subconscious has influence extremely powerful in our lives, and can deceive millions of people, not a matter of opinion, but factual issues.

Before Magellan's expedition turn around the world, the vast most people "knew" that the earth was flat. Today we "know" that is round. If I wrote a dozen books to convince you that it is flat, I could not convince you, but how many have gone into space to see which is like a ball? Though you have gone around the world yourself, how do you know you were not going in circles on a flat surface? Advertising agents know very well about the power of suggestion on the subconscious. Hence the huge posters that crushed the smoker
while driving, advertisements in every magazine. You think it's money thrown into the air that you would not buy snuff? You're wrong! Try it same, the next time you go into a bar, a very cold day and your colleague asks you what you want to take, instead of saying "cognac" (or whatever), adorned with what you say, 'You know what I feel like today? This comforting warmth that gives the brandy. "You see that even people, to whom they do not like the brandy, take a drink with you. From our earliest childhood, we receive through the subconscious daily bombardment of information.



We said that we relax snuff, we give courage and confidence in ourselves, and more appreciated than the pleasure of planet is a cigarette. You think I exaggerate? When you see a movie, cartoons, and a play on television or a scene in which a person is about to be shot, what is the last favor? Yes, sir; a cigarette. The effect of this picture is not felt in the mind, but the hidden partner has time to assimilate. The actual content of the message is: "When I die, my last thought, my last act will be what is most valuable in life: smoke a cigarette. In war movies, the wounded hero always gives a cigarette. Do you think its different today? No. Our children continue to receive this bombardment of billboards and advertisements in magazines. It supposed to snuff advertising is banned on television, but in the prime time characters we see first row swallowing smoke, interviewers and interviewees, politicians, artists, intellectuals ... This is the trend most dangerous of all, the connection between smoking ads and sport, or between smoking and "be somebody." Do F1 cars have cigarette brand names, or vice versa? I saw an ad in the TV (not announced snuff) that is a naked couple in the bed, sharing a cigarette after sex. The implications are obvious.

Advertisers are really admirable about cigars in England. No what are their motives are admirable, but the brilliance of his campaign is see a man about to die, or about to suffer a disaster, her balloon going to crash and burn, or your bike is about to fall into a river, or is Columbus and his ship is going to fall over the edge of the Earth. There is not a word you hear a soft music, and the guy lights a cigar, in your face we see an expression of absolute happiness. Consciously, your mind maybe, or given realize that we are seeing the ad, but the "hidden partner" is patiently digesting the obvious implications. It is true that advertising against: the frightening figures cancer, they have to amputate his legs, campaigns against evil breath, but are insufficient to persuade smokers that they should quit. Logically that would convince them, but do not. Even get young people do not start.

During all those years of smoker, I sincerely believed that if I knew what the connections between smoking and lung cancer had never started. But the fact is that all this fear of losing health does not change the things. The trap is the same today as five centuries ago, when the conquerors of the Americas fell into it. Campaigns against snuff only seem to increase confusion. Even the same product, wrapped in these packages attractive and bright colors, wears a grim warning on one side. What smoker read the warning? Moreover, what smokers stops and seriously consider the consequences to your health?

"I will heal the world of smoking!"

These citations were extracted by the importance of the book is easy to quit smoking, if you know how. It seemed very important to share with you this scourge of humanity. I invite you to do more research on the power of the subconscious
Brainwashing and hidden partner of smoking

The negative effects of massage therapy

The negative effects of massage therapy
A session of massage therapy has many advantages and benefits which the person massage. These include relaxation, relieves muscle tension, reduce stress, improve circulation and recovery from anxiety and depression. However, don understand the majority of patients and reflect on the negative effects that can occur even after a massage. It look like your a certified masseur or masseuse, because these effects can occur if care is not practiced or enforced.

Before the massage begins with a massage, stretching or other activities applied during a session of massage therapy, massage oils, creams or lotions, first on different areas of the body. Among the three drugs used in therapy, massage oils, the most popular and widely used because they provide additional benefits for patients. Most of these oils are rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, essential fatty acids and many other benefits.

However, some patients are subjected to skin allergies due to a number of these oils. Almond oil and other nut extracts massage oils are the most common cause of these forms of skin problems. For this reason, the consultation to discuss with your doctor and the therapist about the massage oil is the best for your skin is the best solution to this problem.



Patients with deep vein thrombosis or clotting problems should consult with your doctor before starting to avoid her massage therapy for heart problems, ask. Who comes to cardiovascular problems should take at least consider having a doctor in relation to or have not experienced a massage at their regular medical care to discuss the possibility. It is better to be cautious and not the bad news is that you already have worse.

There are many types of massages that difficult to use to pressure and force on the body of the patient apply which later became physical pain. They are often the result of abuse of positions and misunderstood by the nerves and muscles of the body. Although these are only temporary muscle soreness, the patient felt discomfort during the entire duration of the time pain is in the patient's body.

People should not susceptible to bruising and swelling with a therapeutic massage, but since it will only result in an uncomfortable and unpleasant physical condition of the patient. Where the patient has an opinion, a therapeutic massage, the best thing to do perhaps the massage skin disease, to say the pressure down to a gentle and more acceptable. Diabetics are a big no-no when it comes to massage therapy, because their skin can break easily and do not recover after being wounded.

There are many people with this type of disease in their regular treatment, which don't pressure on the patient's skin to make stick. An important thing to know when the search is for a good therapist that he or she says honestly what is best for the patient.
The negative effects of massage therapy

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms or signs of mesothelioma may not appear until 20 to 50 years (or more) after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath, cough, and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (pleural effusion) are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma.

Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and cachexia, abdominal swelling and pain due to ascites (a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Other symptoms of Peritoneal Mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions.

Mesothelioma that affects the pleura can cause these signs and symptoms:

• Chest wall pain
• Pleural effusion, or fluid surrounding the lung
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue or anemia
• Wheezing, hoarseness, or cough
• Blood in the sputum (fluid) coughed up (hemoptysis). 

In severe cases, the person may have many tumor masses. The individual may develop a pneumothorax, or collapse of the lung. The disease may metastasize, or spread, to other parts of the body.

Tumors that affect the abdominal cavity often do not cause symptoms until they are at a late stage. Symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain
• Ascites, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen
• A mass in the abdomen
• Problems with bowel function
• Weight loss

In severe cases of the disease, the following signs and symptoms may be present:

• Blood clots in the veins, which may cause thrombophlebitis
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation, a disorder causing severe bleeding in many body organs
• Jaundice, or yellowing of the eyes and skin
• Low blood sugar level
• Pleural effusion
• Pulmonary emboli, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs
• Severe ascites

A mesothelioma does not usually spread to the bone, brain, or adrenal glands. Pleural tumors are usually found only on one side of the lungs.

Mesothelioma (Asbestos) Tax Lawyer

Mesothelioma (Asbestos) Tax Lawyer

For the past years in the Unites States there has been a gigantic increase in mesothelioma cases. In effect new breed of  specialized lawyers who deals with mesothelioma (a.k.a Asbestos) rises everywhere in the country.

Mesothelioma lawyers specializes in cases dealing with mesothelioma and asbestos victims who wish to claim compensations or file a lawsuit against companies that were negligent for their exposure to asbestos.

What is an Asbestos?

It was on the 20th century that asbestos were first discovered. At first people were happy upon the discovery of such as it became an ideal material for the progression of the construction industry.

However, it has medical researchers found out that exposure to asbestos fibers and dust can lead to “asbestosis”~ a disease in the lungs caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles.

This is the reason why Mesothelioma lawyers were seek most in the country. Specialized lawyers in this field often gives justice and relief to victims by helping them win their cases. Filing a solid lawsuit against companies neglecting their employees’ rights’ , these competent Mesothelioma lawyers help victims collect millions of dollars in compensating for the victim.

In such cases where the family of the victim or the victim knows nothing about the disease, it is expected that they became depressed as soon as they learn about it. It is advisable then that intricate details between the lawyer should be thoroughly discussed by the family members.

FEES

In terms of fees, most Mesothelioma lawyers works on a contingency basis, this means that until you receive the compensation of the company, they will not receive anything in return. Thus they should do their best to help you win the case as failed lawsuits leads to free of charge.

Mesothelioma (Asbestos) Tax Lawyer

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• Mesothelioma (Asbestos) Tax Lawyer

Symptoms of Hormone Imbalance in Women

Symptoms of Hormone Imbalance in Women

Signs over hormone imbalance with opposite sex might initiate because early on when the delayed 20's for the 40's. Warning signs using hormone imbalance from girls tend to improve for a female ages, actually but if ignored which are earlier years. Hormone imbalance symptoms could be any individual if not more within adhering to:

• Allergy symptoms
• Cleft, weakness and unease
• Endometriosis
• Fibrocystic breasts
• Hair loss and animal pelt production
• Issues, faintness and smoggy wondering
• Low sex power
• Osteoporosis
• PMS
• Urinary swathe infections and incontinence
• Uterine fibroids
• Weight gain, water detention and bloating
• Crinkly skin

Signs and symptoms about hormone imbalance may be prompted primarily from the incorrect articulation between progesterone and estrogen tiers which are system. Choices female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, linger within a fastidious evaluate. Variations in that evaluate can have a dramatic outcome to your well-being, leading to indicators using hormone imbalance. The sums of those hormones how the woman's system generate with 30 days with a purpose to 4 weeks might differ, relying on components just like stress, food, apply and most significantly -- ovulation or even the shortage over ovulation.

Inside first of all 10-12 days of the menstrual round, only estrogen are produced in the feminine body. When ovulation results in, as a result progesterone are created by the ovaries. To moment 28 as well as consequently, stages using the two of hormones ooze, causing menstruation. Yet, when ovulation did not come to pass, it is possible to solely provide the menstrual time, however the estrogen is rarely "well-balanced" by means of progesterone, that wanted ovulation in order to set off this producing it. And this ends up in indications using hormone imbalance happening -- youve estrogen still progesterone construction drops a good way to incredibly low tiers.

During the industrialized places, women folk take contraception capsules, is around in order to home ingredients locally, automobile aperture as well as other environmental xenoestrogens. Moreover, girls often have traumatic existence, consume extracted foodstuffs and ignore main food takings, last fake estrogen HRT (hormone alternative remedy) and have absolutely hysterectomies. Every one of these components could increase estrogen for the opposite sex organism, making sure surplus estrogen what can reason hormone imbalance signs and symptoms.

How can a woman know whether she is living with hormone imbalance warning signs? A simple, rapid and useful means is always to enroll in the internet experiment offered by way of principal women well-being health facility while too soon cipher using menopause and indicators from hormone imbalance in opposite sex. The web check takes just some summary and it is loosen. Learn extra with regards to your health, indications, this indications is telling you and what to do on having a positive thinking based upon your solutions to special questions in yourself. Examine extra almost hormone imbalance, estrogen supremacy indications and physician-recommended untreated remedies during getting rid of the symptoms as in hormone imbalance.

http://womenhormone9206.blogspot.com/2010/11/symptoms-of-hormone-imbalance-in-women.html

Symptoms of Hormone Imbalance in Women

Natural Cancer Cures for Skin Cancer Do Exist

Natural Cancer Cures for Skin Cancer Do Exist

Did you know that skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in humans? It's true. Over the past few decades, occurrences of skin cancer have continued to rise with no end in sight.

Typically those who are exposed to the sun unprotected for extended periods of time are the most at risk of developing skin cancer. And despite popular belief, skin cancer doesn't just affect those with fair skin - everyone is susceptible no matter what skin tone they have. Fortunately, there are a number of natural cancer cures available, but first you must be aware of the signs of skin cancer.

Warning Signs of Skin Cancer

One of the first signs of skin cancer to manifest are changes in the normal appearance of your skin. These changes typically include new growths or sores, which do not heal normally over time. For example, you may experience shiny bumps on the neck or face, or flat lesions on the back or chest, which may be brown or fleshy in color. They can also appear as lesions that are scaly or crusty on the surface. In addition, moles with irregular borders that have red, blue or white spots or that bleed may be another sign of skin cancer.

But what should you do if you discover the signs of skin cancer?

Treatments and Natural Cancer Cures

By the time I had turned 25, I had between 8 and 10 different birthmarks that had gone bad. I was particularly susceptible because of my fair skin, blond hair and blue eyes. Fortunately, thanks to a variety of natural treatments, I am now healthier than ever and no longer have to worry about skin cancer. How is this possible? Read on.

Recent studies have discovered that lesions associated with skin cancer are most likely viral in nature. In order to counteract these lesions and cure skin cancer, you should incorporate the following natural remedies into your treatment plan. If you do, you should experience a 100% cure rate assuming that the lesions have not already spread to other areas of the body.

These natural cancer cures include:

* Oxygen Therapy - this form of therapy will produce neutron bombs that are extremely powerful, and are very effective at destroying fungi and viruses, including those responsible for skin cancer. To learn more about oxygen therapy, consult Ed Mccabe's book entitled Flood Your Body with Oxygen, which is an excellent resource for treating a wide variety of diseases.

* Aloe Vera Gel containing MSM - this gel can be applied topically each night, resulting in an acceleration of the skin's natural ability to heal itself. This is possible because aloe vera has been proven to be a powerful detoxifier with potent anti-cancer properties.

* NCD Liquid Zeolites - this topical remedy is also extremely effective in treating skin cancer because it has the ability to not only halt the growth of tumors, but also destroy them as well.

Other topical treatments that deserve attention are the use of coconut oil, transdermal magnesium therapy combined with iodine therapy.

The world-renowned oncologist Dr. Tullio Simoncini made the following statement about iodine: "Every tumor of the skin can be completely removed with Iodine Tincture 7%, brushed many times (10-20) per day. When the crust is formed, don't take it away, but treat the area continuously and wait till it falls without any other intervention except the Iodine tincture. When the crust falls down the third time, the patient is healed."

The Diet Aspect

Avoid all inorganic foods. Excessive protein will cause a build up of toxins and ultimately cause metabolic imbalances. Stay away from meat products and synthetic foods. A pure 100% organic vegetarian diet must be used, high in vitamins A, C and E. Most of the food should be raw, especially fruits, green leafy vegetables and sprouts. Proteins must come in the form of seeds and nuts. Almonds are excellent; others are sesame and sunflower seeds. Use high potassium foods. Cancer cells cannot live in a high potassium environment. Use only cold-pressed oils.

Natural Cancer Cures for Skin Cancer Do Exist

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6235336

What is Mesothelioma?

What is Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that can arise in the mesothelial lining of the lungs, heart or abdomen. Some cases have even been reported to develop in the lining of the testicles as well. These four types of mesothelioma are called pleural mesothelioma (lung), pericardial mesothelioma (heart), peritoneal mesothelioma (abdomen) and testicular mesothelioma.

Combined, these cancers affect 2,000 to 3,000 people in the United States each year. Receiving a diagnosis can be difficult due to the similarity of symptoms to other, more common conditions and doctors may overlook mesothelioma as a diagnosis. Another contributing factor that makes these cancers difficult to diagnose is the severe latency period of symptoms. From the time of someone's initial exposure to asbestos, the primary cause of mesothelioma, signs of development may take as long as 20 to 50 years to arise.

In an effort to help patients understand mesothelioma, Asbestos.com offers a complimentary packet that contains treatment options and other helpful resources tailored to your specific diagnosis. The packet also covers the nation's top mesothelioma doctors and cancer centers, as well as financial assistance options to help cover medical costs. To receive your packet in the mail, please enter your information below.

http://www.asbestos.com/mesothelioma/what-is-mesothelioma.php

What is Mesothelioma?

• Diagnosis of Mesothelioma Symptoms Health
• Chemoradiation In Cancer Therapy
• Cancer Support through Mesothelioma Lawyers

Diagnosis of Mesothelioma Symptoms Health

Diagnosis of Mesothelioma Symptoms Health

The onset of mesothelioma symptoms usually takes a long time. The first symptom is often a constant chest pain. This pain is later accompanies by difficulty breathing due to an accumulation of fluid in the chest. Other symptoms include coughing, fever and weight loss. Mesothelioma can be diagnosed by your doctor with a chest CT-scan.

What Needs to Happen?

After a positive mesothelioma diagnosis, your doctor will discuss the available treatment options. Many newer treatments promise to improve patients quality of life and add several years of life. What may not be explained the that the disease is not a random act of nature, but the result of a dangerous product that was used despite evidence of the harm it would cause. Companies have had to pay workers billions of dollars to compensate them and their families for this wanton disregard of human life and safety.

Will there be a lawsuit?

Most people are reluctant to take legal action. However, Mesothelioma presents a nearly 100% certainty that someone or a company is at fault. If the person's work history can be traced, the likelihood is that a very large settlement awaits the victim. Your attorney can explain the details, but most claims settle out of court very quickly, unlike many other types of cases.

How much will I get?

The amount of the settlements varies greatly, but usually start at half million to several million. The award is based on many factors such as the amount of funds available, the duration and location of the asbestos exposure, the persons overall health. Your attorney will know how to maximize the recovery to get the most compensation for you and your family.

Diagnosis of Mesothelioma Symptoms Health

• Mesothelioma Basics
• Symptoms of Mesothelioma of the Heart
• Symptoms of Mesothelioma of the Abdomen
• Symptoms of Mesothelioma of the Lungs
• Mesothelioma Diagnosis

Chemoradiation In Cancer Therapy

Chemoradiation In Cancer Therapy

The medical uses of ionizing radiation have expanded dramatically since Wilhelm Roentgen first discovered it at the end of the last century. In particular, it has proven to be an effective agent in the ongoing battle against cancer. 


It is presumed that the essential target for radiation is cellular DNA where it acts through the formation of free radicals to directly or indirectly cause double-stranded breaks. It is these doublestranded breaks in the DNA that are felt to be the lethal lesion that malignant cells sustain from therapeutic radiation.

It was in the period of World War II that it was possible to induce lasting remissions and potential cures of hematological malignancies with nitrogen mustard (1), which was really the first chemotherapeutic agent put to widespread use in the treatment of malignant disease. Since that time, a multitude of other drugs have come and gone in the search for a cure. 


A few drugs appear to have found a more lasting place in the therapeutic armamentarium, including doxorubicin, cisplatinum, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil. A new generation of drugs with varied mechanisms of action has appeared in the last decade and also has the potential to remain as key in the treatment of cancers.

These agents include paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, irinotecan, and vinorelbine. Although oncologists and researchers have often tried to cure cancers with radiation alone or with various chemotherapeutic strategies, in general these have been met with limited success for any number of reasons, which will be outlined below.

The strategy of integrating different treatment modalities into a more comprehensive approach to both local control and the treatment of micrometastatic disease, often referred to as combined modality therapy, has been met with some success. Although the delivery of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy may contribute to improved local control, it is less clearly demonstrable than with concurrent therapy. This chapter will focus on combined modality therapy with an emphasis on concurrent chemoradiation. It will attempt to set the background with an examination of the rationale and the difficulties that are inherent with concurrent therapy from the point of view of both the delivery of radiation and of chemotherapy.

Beyond this it will illustrate some of the gains achieved in therapy using a concurrent treatment approach. Finally it will focus on the potential for the future that lies in an increased understanding of the molecular players in neoplastic processes as well as the response of malignant cells to therapy with radiation and chemotherapy. The integration of new agents that are aimed against more specific cellular targets than either

radiation or traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy may significantly influence the success of combined modality therapy in the future.

TREATMENT PARADIGMS

Surgical therapy as a sole modality often fails because micrometastatic disease is already present at the time of surgery or because malignant cells are present beyond the surgical margins of the resection. Radiation therapy is sometimes added before or after surgical resection to decrease the possibility of local recurrence when it is felt that there is a high enough probability of residual malignant cells being present after surgery.

However, radiation therapy as both a sole modality of treatment or as an adjuvant or adjunctive therapy may fail to sterilize tumors because of micrometastases or because the dose of radiation that can be safely delivered is limited by the tolerance of the surrounding normal tissues. Certainly the explosion of new technology in the current computer age has improved our ability to deliver further radiation in a more conformal fashion. 


However, in those malignancies that have a high propensity for distant spread of disease, delivery of higher doses of conformal radiation may not prove to be a satisfactory approach to the problem. Unfortunately chemotherapy rarely proves to have a curative role on its own in the treatment of solid tumors.

BIOLOGY COMPLICATES THE DELIVERY OF RADIATION The delivery of therapeutic radiation is limited by the tolerance of the surrounding normal tissues. Data have been compiled over many years that suggest which structures are able to tolerate certain doses with acceptable amounts of toxicity (2). This model for thinking about how to plan the delivery of radiation has changed considerably with the advent of new computer- and automation-driven technologies that allow for the more conformal delivery of dose to the gross tumor and to the clinical target volume. 


New analytical tools called dose volume histograms, which allow for a definition of the dose delivered to a percentage of an organ, have begun to replace more traditional concepts of normal tissue tolerance. Although these technology-related advances allowfor the delivery of higher doses of radiation, this may only be an effective strategy in those tumors whose biology makes them amenable to a local therapy as the sole modality of treatment. 


Those tumors that have a predilection for the early dissemination of micrometastases cannot be effectively treated by a local therapy alone. However, those tumors that tend to remain localized for longer periods of time may have several biologic reasons that underlie their resistance to radiation.


Chemoradiation In Cancer Therapy

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• Malignant Mesothelioma Following Radiation
• Definition of Asbestos
• Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure

Cancer Support through Mesothelioma Lawyers

Cancer Support through Mesothelioma Lawyers

Mesothelioma lawyers are available to discuss the potential compensation for mesothelioma cases. The experience and knowledge of seasoned mesothelioma lawyers is often necessary to identify the specific cancer-causing, asbestos containing products that might have exposed an individual to dangerous inhalation of asbestos fibers. They act as a guide to step their clients through a mesothelioma lawsuit. Most mesothelioma lawyers take professional pride in handling each mesothelioma case with careful attention to detail, thus providing an individualied client approach.

Many people prefer to choose a nationally recognized mesothelioma lawyer to handle their lawsuit. This is because the experience an attorney possesses is a large influence on the overall case outcome. Working with an acclaimed legal firm is a help to clients who benefit from their expertise. Additionally, these successful professionals hold a long-standing track record of successful mesothelioma lawsuits. For anyone that suspects they might have been exposed to asbestos, often the first step is obtaining the right legal counsel.

Symptoms or signs of mesothelioma may not appear until years after exposure. Shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pains due to fluid build-up in the lungs are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Other symptoms include weight loss, abdominal swelling, and pain due to fluid in the abdominal cavity, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the initial diagnosed affected body parts, it may mean the disease has metastasized to other parts of the body forming tumors, but this is a very late stage symptom of cancer.

Mesothelioma lawyers try to help mesothelioma sufferers receive adequate compensation to cover their increasing medical expenses and lost wages. It's also true that a large number of mesothelioma lawyers represent This is often the best option for many individuals who need to hire a mesothelioma lawyer.

The thought of initiating a lawsuit may be intimidating because prospective clients don't know what to expect or how the legal process works. Every mesothelioma client is a unique but shares the sadness that their life has been harmed through the negligence of others. Thus, mesothelioma lawyers try to provide constant communication with their clients. Mesothelioma is a life threatening disease and mesothelioma lawyers are willing to provide clients and their families the compassion, research, time, and respect they deserve.

Vicki is interested in mesothelioma and keeps up to date on the latest developments by reading www.mesotheliomanews.com on a regular basis.

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Cancer Support through Mesothelioma Lawyers

Malignant Mesothelioma Following Radiation

Malignant Mesothelioma Following Radiation
The strong association between asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma has been widely accepted since 1960. Although asbestos is the primary etiologic agent for this tumor, a significant number of patients who develop mesothelioma have no known asbestos exposure. Radiation, nonasbestos mineral fibers, organic chemicals, chronic inflammation, and simian virus 40 (SV40) exposure have also been suggested as risk factors for mesothelioma in humans.

Because asbestos is ubiquitous, past exposures are often difficult to quantitate. Past asbestos exposure may be assessed by a standardized questionnaire that collects information on occupational, paraoccupational, environmental, and domestic contact with asbestos from insulation, mining, milling, heating trades, shipyard work, and construction. 


However, the long latency period of 20 years or longer from the onset of exposure to the development of malignant mesothelioma likely influences the accuracy of the exposure information obtained.

More objective evidence of asbestos exposure includes radiologic findings such as bibasilar fibrosis and calcified pleural plaques, the presence of asbestos fibers in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples, and evidence of interstitial fibrosis or ferruginous bodies in lung tissue. 


These criteria have been used to try to exclude asbestos as the causal factor in some cases of mesothelioma.

In published case series, the proportion of mesothelioma cases that have an asbestos exposure history ranges from 16% to 77%. Of 668 patients who died of malignant mesothelioma in Canada and the United States from 1960 to 1975, only 50% of men and 5% of women had known asbestos exposure. 


Occupational asbestos exposure in women and children is rare; therefore, most asbestos exposure in these individuals is thought to come from a household member who is employed in an asbestos industry.

The occurrence of malignant mesothelioma in children may not be related to asbestos at all. In a report of 13 children diagnosed with mesothelioma in the United States, the short latency period from the time of exposure to tumor development and the absence of geographic clustering argued against an environmental cause for this malignancy in children.

Therefore, the disease appears to have a “natural” incidence of undetermined origin. Radiation is a possible etiologic agent for mesothelioma that may act independently or may have a synergistic effect with asbestos.


Malignant Mesothelioma Following Radiation

• Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure
• Diagnosing Mesothelioma is Difficult

Definition of Asbestos

Asbestosis is defined as diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung that has been caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers. Clinically evident and radiologic changes of asbestosis are usually associated with prolonged heavy exposures to asbestos, which are far higher than necessary  to produce mesothelioma.


Changes of asbestosis are frequently absent in cases of mesothelioma. If they are present, then there is usually a strong and convincing history of asbestos exposure.


The main histopathologic evidence for asbestos exposure is dependent on the finding of asbestos bodies in light microscopic sections of lung tissue either by conventional or iron stains. Asbestos bodies are golden, brown, club-shaped, often beaded structures that contain a clear pale transparent straight needle-like core. 


They are formed by the coating of the asbestos fiber with ferritin and protein and take months or years to develop after deposition of the fiber in the lung. If the morphologic criteria are carefully adhered to the majority (greater then 95%) of the asbestos bodies are found on examination by electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to contain commercial amphibole (crocidolite or amosite) cores. 


In some areas of the world with environmental exposures to asbestos they contain tremolite or anthophyllite. Asbestos bodies formed from chrysotile are rare. The finding of one convincing asbestos body by light microscopy in a standard histologic section nearly always signifies an above-background exposure. However, ferruginous bodies that are not formed on asbestos fibers can occur, for example, on talc, mica, kaolin, coal, carbon, rutile, and iron. 


These are distinguished by having cores that are yellow or black or platy rather than fibrous. Particular care has to be exercised by the histopathologist when evaluating cases with mixed dust exposures where substantial amounts of sheet silicates (talc, mica, kaolin, etc.) are present; these silicates can be coated to form ferruginous bodies and although these are platy, they can be cut at such an angle as to appear to be fibrous and can be incorrectly identified as asbestos.


If the histopathologist finds clusters of asbestos bodies, this usually signifies very high levels of commercial asbestos fibers.


Definition of Asbestos
Identification of Asbestos
Asbestos Mineralogy and Health Effects
Asbestos

Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure

Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure
It was the Conference on the Biological Effects of Asbestos at the New York Academy of Sciences, organized by Irving Selikoff in November 1964 , that put both mesothelioma and asbestos on the map. Before that meeting, few people in the scientific or general community had much knowledge of either subject. 


There they learned the nature and numerous essential industrial uses of a group of naturally occurring mineral fibers, collectively known as asbestos, although in fact comprising at least five distinct materials, chemically, physically, and geologically. Of these, chrysotile, a serpentine mineral mined mainly in Quebec and the Ural mountains of Russia, made up over 90%. 


Of the remainder the two most important were crocidolite and amosite, produced mainly in South Africa and Australia, both amphibole minerals with distinctive qualities valuable for heat insulation, naval marine use, and the production of large-bore cement pipes. 


Two other amphibole mineral fibers were anthophyllite, of limited production in Finland, and tremolite, little used, though by far the most widespread geologically. 


Presenters at the conference stated that within some 20 years of the first industrial exploitation of asbestos in the 1880s, workers heavily exposed to airborne fiber and dust developed a distinctive, seriously disabling and sometimes fatal diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, later termed asbestosis. 


Little was done to limit exposure until the late 1930s, when after a well-conducted survey of four asbestos textile plants in North Carolina, Dreessen et al (2) and others of the U.S. Public Health Service recommended in 1938 that a workplace dust concentration of 5 million particles per cubic foot (about 15 fibers/mL) should not be exceeded. 


Mainly because of the Second World War, this recommendation was not implemented; and probably for the same reason it went unnoticed that there were case reports by some German pathologists of malignant tumors of the pleura and peritoneum in men with asbestosis. Thus it was only in the 1950s that the causal association of asbestos exposure with lung cancer in the United Kingdom, and later with mesothelioma in South Africa , was recognized.

Until that time even the very existence of primary malignancies of the mesotheleum was questioned by reputable pathologists. Looking back, however, a review by Saccone and Coblenz in 1943 had included the identification of over 40 cases in autopsies published since 1870, and referred to two cases of “endothelioma” reported in 1767 by Lieutaud in France among 3000 autopsies. 


That mesothelial cancers in low frequency probably occurred well before the industrial use of asbestos is discussed more fully later. Indeed, a low background incidence of unknown etiology has almost certainly continued, affecting both children and adults.


Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure

• Diagnosing Mesothelioma is Difficult
• The Stigma of Lung Cancer Why Are Lung Cancer
• Identification of Asbestos

Diagnosing Mesothelioma is Difficult

Diagnosing Mesothelioma is Difficult

Mesothelioma is a very hard disease to diagnose, because symptoms are like those of a number of other diseases. A doctor's diagnosis of a patient suspected of having mesothelioma begins with a review of their medical history. Exposure to asbestos in years past (event more than 30 years prior) will increase a doctor's suspicion for mesothelioma. 

A physical examination, chest X-rays and lung function tests will follow itial suspicions. X-ray's may show pleural thickening that are often seen after asbestos exposure which may further give believe that a patient has mesothelioma. CT (CAT) scans or MRIs are also usually conducted. If these analysis show large amounts of fluid, abnormal cells may be detected if this fluid is aspirated or removed with a syringe. If this is pleural fluid, a pleural tap (a chest drain) may be conducted.

Diagnosing Mesothelioma is Difficult

• Mesothelioma Basics
• Symptoms of Mesothelioma of the Hear

The Stigma of Lung Cancer Why Are Lung Cancer Patients Treated Differently Than Other Cancer Patients?

The Stigma of Lung Cancer Why Are Lung Cancer Patients Treated Differently Than Other Cancer Patients?

Being diagnosed with lung cancer carries a certain stigma.

”How long did you smoke?” “I didn’t know you were a closet smoker.” “Too bad he didn’t quit smoking sooner.” Unlike the unconditional support given to those with other forms of cancer, people with lung cancer often feel singled out, like somehow they “deserve” to have cancer. Where does this stigma come from?

Public Perception of a Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

There is a feeling among the general public, that lung cancer is a self-inflicted disease. Smoking is responsible for 80 to 90% of lung cancers, but let’s put this in perspective: Twice as many women die from lung cancer in the United States each year as die from breast cancer, and 20% of these women have never touched a cigarette. Even for those who smoke and develop lung cancer, why do we attach such a stigma to them? Many cancers, and other chronic diseases, are related to lifestyle choices. We don’t seem to judge as harshly those who overeat, are sedentary or sunbathe extensively.

Physicians’ Attitude Regarding Lung Cancer

Physicians are people too, and the bias we see among the public is present in the doctor's office as well. Joan Schiller, MD, the President and Founder of National Lung Cancer Partnership, and a physician who has done a lot of research on the stigma of lung cancer, surveyed primary care physicians in Wisconsin with some saddening results. Though the physicians stated that the type of cancer was not a factor in their referral decisions, results showed that:

• When hypothetical patients were presented as having advanced cancer, physicians were less likely to refer lung cancer patients to an oncologist than they were to refer breast cancer patients.
• More physicians were aware that chemotherapy improves survival in advanced breast cancer than with advanced lung cancer.
• Breast cancer patients were more likely to be referred for further therapy, whereas lung cancer patients were often referred only for symptom control.

Lung Cancer Patient’s Perceived Stigma

Those who are diagnosed with lung cancer experience more embarrassment than those with prostate or breast cancer, and individuals tend to feel stigmatized whether they smoked or not. Some people have even concealed their diagnosis leading to negative financial consequences and lack of social support.

Funding for Lung Cancer Research vs Other Cancers

Sadly, even though lung cancer kills more people than breast cancer, prostate cancer and colon cancer combined, federal funding lags behind. Funding from the private sector also pales in comparison to fund-raising efforts for some other cancers.

Clearly, lung cancer carries a stigma that extends from the government down to the individual. That said, we won’t move forward by pointing the finger and blaming ourselves, physicians, the public and the government. Each of us can make a difference by supporting those with lung cancer as we would support someone with any other form of cancer. Whether you are a lung cancer survivor, the loved one of someone living with lung cancer or a professional working with those with lung cancer, we need to raise awareness. Those living with lung cancer need and deserve our care and support, not an evaluation of the possible causes.

Diagnosing Mesothelioma is Difficult

_Sources:

_{Chapple A, Zieband S, McPherson A. Stigma, shame, and blame experienced by patients with lung cancer: qualitative study. British Medical Journal. 2004. 328(7454).}

_{LeConte NK, Else-Quest NM, Eickhoff J, Hyde J, Shiller JH. Assessment of guilt and shame in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer compared with patients with breast and prostate cancer. Clinical Lung Cancer. 2008. 9(3):171-8.}

_{Wassenarr TR, Eickhoff JC, Jarzemsky DR, Smith SS, Larson ML, Shiller JH. Differences in primary care clinicians’ approach to non-small cell lung cancer patients compared with breast cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2007. 2(8):722-8.}

Identification of Asbestos

Identification of Asbestos
Over the years much data have been accumulated about asbestos, which suggests that amphibole asbestos and its nonasbestos analogues possess very different biologic potential.


 Davis et al demonstrated that although asbestiform tremolite was extremely carcinogenic when
injected into peritoneal cavities of rats, nonasbestiform tremolite samples had little or no carcinogenic potential. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between asbestiform and nonasbestiform amphiboles and types of fibers in bulk, air, and tissue samples. 


There are some problems related to the mineralogic techniques necessary to prepare and characterize samples. The designation of the shape and size of fibrous materials can be relatively easily revealed by optical examination. Optics became the technique of choice to investigate the occurrence of inorganic fibrous airborne particulates at occupational sites, in schools, or any buildings, and even outdoors where filters could be set up to obtain a representative aliquot of the air. 


However, the light (optical) microscope does not have enough spatial resolution and so is not sufficient on its own for positive identification of minerals. It is difficult to identify some fibers such as chrysotile in the tissue samples under the optical microscope because of the small fiber sizes. Since the small fiber size of chrysotile in the tissue samples preclude the use of optical microscopes, morphologic, chemical, and structural identifications are done by combinations of methods in order to makeunambiguous mineral identifications. 


The crystal chemical range of potentially hazardous inorganic and mineral species should be accurately identified. Morphologic identifications can be performed by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical information is most commonly obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) or wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), which is an integral part of SEM or TEM. 


A relative error percentage for EDS is about 10% and for WDS is about 1%. Therefore, EDS provides only semiquantitative information, but WDS provides more quantitative information on chemical composition of the sample. 


Crystal structures can be determined by electron diffraction (ED) on samples. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful technique providing that enough material is available, but not for a mineral present at low percentage in tissue and air samples. Certain regulations may require specific species of amphiboles; thus, quantitative chemical data may be necessary. 


For example, substitution solid solution series of amphiboles, such as a tremolite and an actinolite, must be identified. The SEM studies combined with EDS may not be conclusive because of the lack of information on the mineral structure. It is also very difficult to observe chrysotile through the electron microscope because of its beam sensitivity. 


Analysts tend to measure fibers that are more stable under beam conditions. Lung burden studies indicate that chrysotile is often inhaled as a shorter fiber than amphiboles. Therefore, in a tissue with both amphibole and chrysotile, it is possible to make a misjudgment unless the fibers are identified individually. 

The levels of sensitivity using the high-resolution techniques now available mandate that we follow up the reactions delineated as interference of inorganic materials in the biologic environment. The information on the inorganic fibrous particulates can be matched with the equally high-resolution techniques applied to analyses of tissues, with data gathered at the cellular and molecular levels. 

The advances in techniques increase the possibilities that we can test hypotheses and, it is hoped, gain greater understanding from the anatomic to the genetic of the reactions that lead to induction of disease. Coordinating ultramicroscopic levels with the health and mineralogic investigations for a particular geographic area should enable us to refine the possibilities. The exchange of information among the several disciplines is needed to advance our knowledge.

Identification of Asbestos

• Diagnosing Mesothelioma is Difficult
• The Stigma of Lung Cancer Why Are Lung Cancer